Global climate is determined A. by solar energy interacting with land but not water. B. by clouds reflecting all of the Sun's energy back into space. C. by the transfer of solar energy at and near the Earth's surface. D. completely by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.

Answer: the transfer of solar energy at and near the Earth's surface.
Step-by-step explanation: The Sun is the ultimate driving force for weather and climate patterns on Earth. Due to Earth's shape, position, and movement through space, the Sun heats Earth's atmosphere unevenly, which causes differences in air temperature, moisture content, and wind patterns around the world. Differences in atmospheric conditions are also caused by differences in how land and water absorb and release the the Sun's energy.